PAlady said...
Me,
It's a big difference, truly. Addiction is an illness which requires its own treatment, different from chronic pain. The most challenging situations are people who are tackling both.
It is a major area of confusion, as you can see from what happened on this thread. The thing is it's not simply a matter of opinion; there are medical diagnostic criteria which define addiction, and only a small % of CPP's meet those.
PaLady
I think you hit on something really, really important there. When you look it up in the DSM, you find diagnostic criteria for substance dependence:
A maladaptive pattern of substance use, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by three (or more) of the following, occurring at any time in the same 12-month period:
- (1) Tolerance, as defined by either of the following:
- a. A need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect.
- b. Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance.
- (2) Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following:
- a. The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance
- b. The same (or a closely related) substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms.
- (3) The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended (loss of control).
- (4) There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use (loss of control).
- (5) A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the substance, or recover from its effects (preoccupation).
- (6) Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance use (continuation despite adverse consequences).
- (7) The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance. (adverse consequences).
You find numbers 1 and 2 among every chronic pain patient on opiod therapy and some recent research has shown dependence and tolerance showing up within 3-4 weeks even on "light" drugs like Vicodin.
But, the key in that diagnostic criteria can be found in the very first line: a maladaptive pattern of substance use.
If you flip over in the DSM to 304.00, which is Opiod dependence, there's a more indepth description that really highlights the difference between addicts and chronic pain patients:
"Opiod Dependence includes signs and symptoms that reflect compulsive, prolonged self-administration of opioid substances that are used for no legitimate medical purpose or, if a general medical condition is present that requires opioid treatment, that are used in doses that are greatly in excess of the amount needed for pain relief."
When you take all that information about the diagnostically contrived notion of substance dependence and/or opioid dependence, confuse it even more by throwing in the physiological concept of physical dependence (which is a completely different issue) and then invite the legal system into the picture, with their routine use of all those labels interchangeably.
The only possible result of all that is a big, confusing mess.