Hi mjr, of course diabetic neuropathy is the first cause that comes to mind but you know you need to see your doctor who will examine your feet. When I googled for numbness of toes, I found this among many other sites:
http://www.healthline.com/hlc/toe-numbness
Has your doctor ever done the prong test on your feet? It's like a tuning fork that is placed on your foot or toe and you tell the doctor when you stop feeling the vibration?