HighlanderCFH said...
*****Scheduled for robotic focal prostatectomy (preserving the apex) May 21, Dr. Menon, unless someone talks me into brachy before that*****
Steve, did the doctor say why they were going to remove all of the prostate except for the apex? I don't recall hearing of a partial prostatectomy very often in the past.
Chuck
Copying from my reply on another thread: Focal therapy for prostate cancer is in its infancy. Prostate cancer, like breast and kidney cancer, is multifocal: that is there are many sites within the prostate that have individual, small cancers. A cancer has to be about 0.5 to1 cm in diameter before it can be seen on imaging studies, smaller cancers are missed.
Focal therapy is based upon two principles. First, that while treatment of visible lesions is important, treating the smaller lesions is not. Second, that treating just the visible cancer rather than the entire prostate will result in improved functional outcomes and a better quality of life.
The treatment that they are proposing, targeted surgery for prostate cancer is based upon data reported by London investigators (HIFU targeted therapy), but with important differences. This is a new approach, and has not been tried in men with prostate cancer. In this approach, they will remove two thirds of the prostate robotically, leaving the apex of the prostate with the surrounding capsule and nerve bundles intact. They have developed a technique whereby the prostate can be removed and real time biopsies obtained at the time of robotic surgery. This is conceptually different from ablating a cancer that cannot be detected clearly with imaging studies and leaving it in the body. They have tried the biopsy-during-sugery approach in over 150 patients at the time of complete prostatectomy, and found it to be safe and reliable. For patients undergoing targeted prostatectomy, samples from the cut end of the prostate will be examined for cancer. If there is cancer at the margin, the rest of the prostate will be removed. If there is no cancer, the tips will be left intact. The surgical principle is similar to that of breast lumpectomy, where the tumor is removed but not the entire breast.
What are the risks of this procedure? By leaving part of the prostate in the body, there will be residual prostate cells that will still make PSA. PSA values after focal HIFU have averaged about 2 ng/ml. I will need to get regular PSA testing after surgery. If the PSA levels are falling, no additional treatment will be recommended. However, if the values start to rise above the baseline at any point in time, they may recommend further investigations and treatment.
Second, because prostate cancer is multifocal, there is a risk that the remnant of the prostate may have a microscopic focus of cancer. Based upon Menon's tissue mapping studies of several thousand patients who have undergone robotic radical prostatectomy, they have determined that unrecognized cancer is present in the apex of the prostate in about 15% of men. In most of these men, the amount of cancer left behind is < 1mm, which they claim has a very low risk of spreading, even left untreated. The risk is even lower if a repeat biopsy shows no cancer. For this reason, I will be required to have a biopsy of the remaining prostate at 6 months time. If cancer is detected, then I will be considering additional treatment… including surgical removal, radiation or targeted freezing.
Is targeted surgery any riskier than complete removal of the prostate? Menon claims there is no increased surgical risk for the patients. In a small minority (less than1%), the operation may be safer because of the greater ease in reconnecting the bladder.
Finally, the reason I'm considering this operation is the assumption that preserving the tip of the prostate will result in greater nerve preservation, and this in turn will result in better recovery of urinary control and sexual function. Menon submits that histological studies by others and by his group have shown that the greatest concentration of nerves is at the apex of the prostate. So, it's logical that preservation of the apex will result in increased nerve preservation.
While targeted prostatectomy has rarely been performed for patients with prostate cancer (Dr. Menon has only done a few), many surgeons have preserved the apex of the prostate in patients with bladder cancer. Such preservation has been associated with greater potency and continence (80-100% satisfactory erections and continence) than in patients who have undergone total removal of the prostate.
I will confess, after thinking about how long this recovery might take, I'm wondering about other options.