It seems there are actually such things as simulation tools for urologists, surgery practice kits and the like, that uros can train on, before going on to do the real thing on a real person.
The website linked below offers just such kits, and in the words of the website:
" ... Our simulation models use two components: a plastic trainer (hardware) used in conjunction with a disposable ex-vivo specimen (software). Some disposable specimens are hybrid models combining plastic, silicon with real tissue."
Yes, it seems these training models contain actual animal tissue (pigs are mentioned) to simulate human tissue, to enhance the realism of, say, doing an RP on a human.
That means the tissue-bearing kits must be shipped frozen, and thawed out when they're to be used by the uro-in-training.
Also, we are told, kits and models can be customized to fit the individual uro's needs.
There are models and kits for (remember, all these are all simulations):
Simulation of interventional cystoscopy and ureteroscopy procedures
Cystoscopic resection of bladder tumors
Two bleeding vessels are sutured into the myometrium
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
along with some other good stuff.
Of course one assumes that the average uro has done more than just training kits before tackling the real thing (hopefully!), but maybe even the experienced uro might benefit from time spent on such a kit, brushing up on one's techniques, as it were.
Okay, technically this thread may be violating the forum ban on pushing a commercial product (after all, the website is selling these things), but the subject was so interesting I couldn't resist.
Mods, lock or not as you see fit.
But if you've ever wondered where our uros get their training for doing things like RPs,TURPs, etc., on us, apparently this is one way.
https://endosim.com/urology