Posted 3/10/2014 2:59 PM (GMT 0)
Great article awareness72- thanks for sharing. I also recommend (http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/57/1/79.full#title3) which has a lot of info on nicotine- here is an excerpt regarding addiction:
The rapid rate of delivery of nicotine by smoking (or intravenous injection, which presents similar distribution kinetics) results in high levels of nicotine in the central nervous system with little time for development of tolerance. The result is a more intense pharmacologic action (Porchet et al., 1987). The short time interval between puffing and nicotine entering the brain also allows the smoker to titrate the dose of nicotine to a desired pharmacologic effect, further reinforcing drug self-administration and facilitating the development of addiction.
In contrast, slow delivery of nicotine, such as by transdermal systems, results in little, if any, arterial-venous disequilibrium. The resultant brain levels of nicotine are much lower than after smoking, and the gradual rise in levels of nicotine in the central nervous system allows for the development of considerable tolerance to pharmacologic effects. Thus, the intensity of central nervous system effects is much less, and the addiction liability with the use of transdermal nicotine is virtually nil (Henningfield and Keenan, 1993). Routes of dosing that are associated with more rapid rates of delivery, such as nasal spray, are expected to result in higher intensity of effects and higher addiction liability when compared with products with slower absorption. Some indications of this were seen in a recent study comparing the abuse liability of the nicotine patch, gum, nasal spray, and inhaler in smoking cessation (West et al., 2000). Nasal spray had the highest rate of continuing use at the end of the study compared with the other NRTs; however, overall abuse liability was low for all products. These same considerations regarding rate of delivery and pharmacologic effects are expected to apply to nicotine-related compounds.
Full disclosure: I am using the nicotine patch and was also worried about addiction. I was not a former smoker, but did have exposure to 2nd hand smoke growing up and that makes me wonder about this. I would really love to see more studies done about nicotine use for UC.