Ketoacidosis is a very damaging condition, synonymous with poorly contolled diabetes, particularly Type 1 diabetes.
It's often confused with ketosis, but the two are quite different. Ketosis simply means that our bodies are using fat for energy. We are all, or at least we should be, experiencing a level of ketosis most of the time. When we break down body fat or dietary fat for energy we utilise a molecule called adenosine triphosphate, or ATP - 'the energy molecule.' Ketones are produced as part of this process. So it's a perfectly natural process, and a very health one. Unless of course you prefer to store body fat rather than burn it!
Many of our organs actually prefer ketones as a fuel, rather than sugar. Acetone is one of the few ketones that isn't used metabolically and can be expelled in the breath. Usually this is in fact a symptom of ketoacidosis, which only occurs when blood sugar is dangerously high. This is symptomatic of excessive carbohydrate consumption, extremely elevated blood sugars and a lack of insulin - which explains the connection with type 1 diabetes. Acute onset Type 1 diabetes is often characterised by the acetone smell, which usually means that the body thinks it is being starved of sugar and has started burning fat, muscle, and ulimately body organs to try and manufacture its own supply. Been there, done that!
Ketoacidosis will never occur when blood sugars are within a normal range, which is why we should make sure they stay there.
All the best,
fergusc