Posted 12/18/2014 3:29 AM (GMT 0)
Hi All -- Hope this is useful as a resource. The overall subject is CBDs, meaning the legal cannabidiol cannabinoid, one of approximately 85 unique chemical cannabinoids under study, mostly abroad. CBDs are devoid of all psychoactive properties, and are in the medical and general news for their claimed powerful disease – including prostate cancer – curative/healing properties.
Everything in this post is purely and utterly for educational purposes only. Seek the advice of your physician with any questions you may have. There’s the blanket disclaimer.
Documents A, B, C, and D are reproduced from the website URL www.projectcbd.org.
Documents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 are reproduced from the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) and PubMed. Document 6 is published by Scientific Research, which notes “open Access.” I found explanations for questions I’ve had since I was diagnosed last summer. There are good clear, simple explanations here. Plus sophisticated discussions for the medically and scientifically savvy.
All that follows are quotes published on the internet.
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Document A
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[open quote.]
Project CBD > about > What is CBD?
What is CBD?
Cannabidiol — CBD— is a cannabis compound that has significant medical benefits, but does not make people feel “stoned” and can actually counteract the psychoactivity of THC. The fact that CBD-rich cannabis doesn’t get one high makes it an appealing treatment option for patients seeking anti-inflammatory, anti-pain, anti-anxiety, anti-psychotic, and/or anti-spasm effects without troubling lethargy or dysphoria.
Scientific and clinical studies underscore CBD’s potential as a treatment for a wide range of conditions, including arthritis, diabetes, alcoholism, MS, chronic pain, schizophrenia, PTSD, antibiotic-resistant infections, epilepsy, and other neurological disorders. CBD has demonstrated neuroprotective and neurogenic effects, and its anti-cancer properties are currently being investigated at several academic research centers in the United States and elsewhere.
Project CBD provides educational resources for physicians, patients, and the general public. We respond to inquiries from all over the world. Almost everyone wants to know where to get CBD and how to use it for maximum benefit. After decades in which only high-THC cannabis was available in North America and beyond, CBD-rich strains and products are now accessible to medical users.
On this website, you’ll find cutting-edge information on developments in cannabinoid science and therapeutics, as well as practical information from doctors and patients who are exploring the use of CBD-rich cannabis. You will also learn how you can participate in a grassroots, populist effort to harness the curative qualities of CBD-rich cannabis.
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Document B
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Project CBD > about > Mission Statement
Mission Statement
Project CBD is a non-profit educational service dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical utility of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. Project CBD was conceived in 2010 by two journalists who had been covering the medical marijuana story – the science, the movement, and the industry – in the pages of O’Shaughnessy’s, the journal of cannabis in clinical practice. They felt that the reintroduction of CBD-rich cannabis into the grassroots supply merited special attention. The serendipitous reappearance of whole plant CBD has given doctors and patients a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of cannabidiol.
Project CBD:
• Updates doctors and patients on developments in cannabinoid science and therapeutics.
• Supports the efforts of physicians and other researchers to collect, aggregate, and publish data from patients to determine patterns of CBD efficacy — or lack of efficacy.
• Reports on the reintroduction of CBD-rich cannabis into the grassroots supply.
• Reviews and certifies CBD-rich products.
• Refutes the slander that medical marijuana is “a front for stoners.”
We emphasize CBD not to privilege one cannabinoid compound over another. Rather, we emphasize CBD to challenge the notion of equating cannabis with THC. THC is a remarkable molecule in its own right, but THC is not the whole plant, and neither is CBD. Project CBD defends and supports whole plant cannabis therapeutics.
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Document C
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Project CBD > about > Caveats Hemptor
Caveats Hemptor
Some caveats as we seek to identify and harness the therapeutic effects of CBD:
• Although CBD is not innately psychoactive, does not cause a high, has no known lethal dose, possesses no major toxicity, and exhibits no abuse potential, it is still on Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act because CBD in its natural form is a component of the cannabis plant. Therefore, CBD derived from cannabis grown in the United States is considered illegal by the federal government.
• The amount of CBD present is not the only factor influencing the effects of a given cannabis-based medicine. The ratio of CBD to THC may be as or more important. Terpenoid and flavonoid content are also very important.
• We are capable of placebo-effecting ourselves individually and collectively. We must not exaggerate the possible benefits of CBD or raise false hopes.
• Marijuana prohibitionists will try to exploit the news about CBD to further stigmatize high-THC cannabis, casting The High Causer, THC, as the bad cannabinoid, whereas CBD is pegged as the good cannabinoid. Project CBD categorically rejects this dichotomy in defense of whole plant cannabis therapeutics. Scientific studies show that CBD and THC work best in combination and potentiate each other’s therapeutic effects.
• Analytical labs serving the medical cannabis industry in California and other states have not been properly audited and some labs may not be providing consistently accurate data.
• Products listed and discussed on this website have not been tested or certified by Project CBD unless otherwise indicated.
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Document D
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A Tale of Two Cannabinoids: The Therapeutic Rationale for Combining THC & CBD,
is a lengthy document, not reproduced here, and may be found in full text on the www.projectcbd.org website.
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Document E
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Project CBD > about > Project CBD Services
Project CBD Services
Project CBD, a California-based nonprofit organization, provides educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public. Project CBD’s original reporting on cannabinoid science, therapeutics, and political economy is available via the Project CBD Newsfeed and various social media. Project CBD services include:
• Publishing educational materials, including articles, books, e-booklets, and brochures
• Speaking at conferences and seminars
• Training dispensary staff and product-makers on CBD’s benefits
• Reviewing and certifying CBD-rich products
• Helping dispensaries and patients identify top-quality sources of CBD-rich concentrates and other cannabis products
• Maintaining a state-by-state roster of dispensaries and collectives that provide CBD-rich cannabis medicine
• Supporting the efforts of researchers to collect, assess, and publish data from patients regarding CBD’s therapeutic properties (or lack thereof)
• Strategic counseling for investors and industry professionals
• Maintaining a a free newsfeed, CBD community bulletin board, and other unique online services
• Responding to frequent inquiries from people around the world
first document
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Br J Pharmacol. 2013 Jan;168(1):76-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02121.x.
Towards the use of non-psychoactive cannabinoids for prostate cancer.
Pacher P1.
Author information
Abstract
The palliative effects of Cannabis sativa (marijuana), and its putative main active ingredient, Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which include appetite stimulation, attenuation of nausea and emesis associated with chemo- or radiotherapy, pain relief, mood elevation, and relief from insomnia in cancer patients, are well-known. Because of the adverse psychoactive effects of THC, numerous recent preclinical studies have been focused on investigating other non-psychoactive constituents of C. sativa, such as cannabidiol, for potential therapeutic use. In this issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology, De Petrocellis and colleagues present comprehensive evidence that plant-derived cannabinoids, especially cannabidiol, are potent inhibitors of prostate carcinoma viability in vitro. They also showed that the extract was active in vivo, either alone or when administered with drugs commonly used to treat prostate cancer (the anti-mitotic chemotherapeutic drug docetaxel (Taxotere) or the anti-androgen bicalutamide (Casodex)) and explored the potential mechanisms behind these antineoplastic effects.
Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Comment on
• Non-THC cannabinoids inhibit prostate carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo: pro-apoptotic effects and underlying mechanisms. [Br J Pharmacol. 2013]
PMID:
22849856
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
PMCID:
PMC3570005
Free PMC Article
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Second document
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Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Feb;75(2):303-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04298.x.
Cannabidiol as potential anticancer drug.
Massi P1, Solinas M, Cinquina V, Parolaro D.
Author information
Abstract
Over the past years, several lines of evidence support an antitumourigenic effect of cannabinoids including Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC), synthetic agonists, endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid transport or degradation inhibitors. Indeed, cannabinoids possess anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects and they are known to interfere with tumour neovascularization, cancer cell migration, adhesion, invasion and metastasization. However, the clinical use of Δ(9)-THC and additional cannabinoid agonists is often limited by their unwanted psychoactive side effects, and for this reason interest in non-psychoactive cannabinoid compounds with structural affinity for Δ(9)-THC, such as cannabidiol (CBD), has substantially increased in recent years. The present review will focus on the efficacy of CBD in the modulation of different steps of tumourigenesis in several types of cancer and highlights the importance of exploring CBD/CBD analogues as alternative therapeutic agents.
© 2012 The Authors. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology © 2012 The British Pharmacological Society.
PMID:
22506672
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
PMCID:
PMC3579246
Free PMC Article
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Third document
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Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Nov;167(6):1218-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02050.x.
Cannabidiol inhibits angiogenesis by multiple mechanisms.
Solinas M1, Massi P, Cantelmo AR, Cattaneo MG, Cammarota R, Bartolini D, Cinquina V, Valenti M, Vicentini LM, Noonan DM, Albini A, Parolaro D.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Several studies have demonstrated anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic actions of cannabinoids on various tumours, together with their anti-angiogenic properties. The non-psychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) effectively inhibits the growth of different types of tumours in vitro and in vivo and down-regulates some pro-angiogenic signals produced by glioma cells. As its anti-angiogenic properties have not been thoroughly investigated to date, and given its very favourable pharmacological and toxicological profile, here, we evaluated the ability of CBD to modulate tumour angiogenesis.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:
Firstly, we evaluated the effect of CBD on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and viability - through [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and FACS analysis - and in vitro motility - both in a classical Boyden chamber test and in a wound-healing assay. We next investigated CBD effects on different angiogenesis-related proteins released by HUVECs, using an angiogenesis array kit and an ELISA directed at MMP2. Then we evaluated its effects on in vitro angiogenesis in treated HUVECs invading a Matrigel layer and in HUVEC spheroids embedded into collagen gels, and further characterized its effects in vivo using a Matrigel sponge model of angiogenesis in C57/BL6 mice.
KEY RESULTS:
CBD induced HUVEC cytostasis without inducing apoptosis, inhibited HUVEC migration, invasion and sprouting in vitro, and angiogenesis in vivo in Matrigel sponges. These effects were associated with the down-modulation of several angiogenesis-related molecules.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS:
This study reveals that CBD inhibits angiogenesis by multiple mechanisms. Its dual effect on both tumour and endothelial cells supports the hypothesis that CBD has potential as an effective agent in cancer therapy.
© 2012 The Authors. British Journal of Pharmacology © 2012 The British Pharmacological Society.
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Fourth document
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J Pain Symptom Manage. 2013 Apr;45(4):e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.02.002.
The inhibitory effects of cannabidiol on systemic malignant tumors.
Kapoor S.
PMID:
23544909
[PubMed
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Fifth document
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Biochem Pharmacol. 2010 Apr 1;79(7):955-66. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.11.007. Epub 2009 Nov 13.
Cannabidiol inhibits cancer cell invasion via upregulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1.
Ramer R1, Merkord J, Rohde H, Hinz B.
Author information
Abstract
Although cannabinoids exhibit a broad variety of anticarcinogenic effects, their potential use in cancer therapy is limited by their psychoactive effects. Here we evaluated the impact of cannabidiol, a plant-derived non-psychoactive cannabinoid, on cancer cell invasion. Using Matrigel invasion assays we found a cannabidiol-driven impaired invasion of human cervical cancer (HeLa, C33A) and human lung cancer cells (A549) that was reversed by antagonists to both CB(1) and CB(2) receptors as well as to transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). The decrease of invasion by cannabidiol appeared concomitantly with upregulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). Knockdown of cannabidiol-induced TIMP-1 expression by siRNA led to a reversal of the cannabidiol-elicited decrease in tumor cell invasiveness, implying a causal link between the TIMP-1-upregulating and anti-invasive action of cannabidiol. P38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases were identified as upstream targets conferring TIMP-1 induction and subsequent decreased invasiveness. Additionally, in vivo studies in thymic-aplastic nude mice revealed a significant inhibition of A549 lung metastasis in cannabidiol-treated animals as compared to vehicle-treated controls. Altogether, these findings provide a novel mechanism underlying the anti-invasive action of cannabidiol and imply its use as a therapeutic option for the treatment of highly invasive cancers.
Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PMID:
19914218
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Document 6
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PP> Vol.5 No.8, July 2014
open Access
In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Plant-Derived Cannabidiol on Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Download as PDF (Size:1856KB) HTML XML PP. 806-820
DOI: 10.4236/pp.2014.58091 649 Downloads 1,799 Views Citations: Google Scholar
Author(s)
Manju Sharma, James B. Hudson, Hans Adomat, Emma Guns, Michael E. Cox
Affiliation(s)
ABSTRACT
Prostate Cancer, Androgen Receptor, Cannabidiol (CBD), Anti-Inflammatory, CB1, CB2, Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Cite this paper
Sharma, M. , Hudson, J. , Adomat, H. , Guns, E. and Cox, M. (2014) In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Plant-Derived Cannabidiol on Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 5, 806-820. doi: 10.4236/pp.2014.58091.
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Document 7
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Abstract
Anticancer Res. 2011 Nov;31(11):3799-807.
Induction of apoptosis by cannabinoids in prostate and colon cancer cells is phosphatase dependent.
Sreevalsan S1, Joseph S, Jutooru I, Chadalapaka G, Safe SH.
Author information
Abstract
AIM:
We hypothesized that the anticancer activity of cannabinoids was linked to induction of phosphatases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The effects of cannabidiol (CBD) and the synthetic cannabinoid WIN-55,212 (WIN) on LNCaP (prostate) and SW480 (colon) cancer cell proliferation were determined by cell counting; apoptosis was determined by cleavage of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 (Western blots); and phosphatase mRNAs were determined by real-time PCR. The role of phosphatases and cannabinoid receptors in mediating CBD- and WIN-induced apoptosis was determined by inhibition and receptor knockdown.
RESULTS:
CBD and WIN inhibited LNCaP and SW480 cell growth and induced mRNA expression of several phosphatases, and the phosphatase inhibitor sodium orthovanadate significantly inhibited cannabinoid-induced PARP cleavage in both cell lines, whereas only CBD-induced apoptosis was CB1 and CB2 receptor-dependent.
CONCLUSION:
Cannabinoid receptor agonists induce phosphatases and phosphatase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cell lines; however, the role of the CB receptor in mediating this response is ligand-dependent.
PMID:
22110202
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
PMCID:
PMC3280884
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