Starfinder said...
I'm not saying early Zytiga is not better, just that we shouldn't simply swallow whatever is given to us without some skepticism and further due diligence.
That is exactly what the editorial board and peer reviewers do. When studies of major importance, like these, are published in the New England Journal of Medicine, the editorial board insists on seeing all the back-up data, including drop-out rates. All participants must be accounted for. Then the study goes to a panel of prestigious peer-reviewers who write questions that must be responded to. They can ask to see more data as well. Will there be some fraud? Of course. An unscrupulous person determined to commit fraud can sometimes get away with it. But since it would completely destroy his reputation and career and lead to major penalties for sponsors, it doesn't happen often. But this is where levels of evidence come in. Level 1 evidence means that the effect was proved by a large randomized clinical trial. There is an even higher level - Level 1a means that a separate, independent group of researchers confirmed it in another RCT. This is what happened with the Zytiga study. Even a conspiracy quack would be hard pressed to show that two independent groups of researchers colluded. We have few findings that establish proof as good as this.