Since modeling studies have suggested that PCa may take as long as 10-20 years to develop to detectable status, it makes sense to look at early-life alcohol consumption. A VA study:
Early-life Alcohol Consumption and High-Grade Prostate Cancer (2019)
"...
ParticipantsMen aged 49 to 89 at the Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina undergoing a prostate biopsy between January 2007 and January 2018. Only men with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test within 12 months prior to enrollment and no history of prostate cancer, who also completed the questionnaire and consented to a prostate biopsy, were included in the study.
...
Key FindingsBiopsy was performed on 1,221 (77%) of the 1,595 eligible men. Biopsy results were missing on 12 men, 528 men did not complete the questionnaire, and 31 men were missing covariates,
leaving a study cohort of 650 participants. Age at biopsy ranged from 49 to 89 years old and 47% were white. Median PSA was 5.7 ng/mL. From ages 15 to 19, 317 (49%) men reported not drinking, 279 (43%) reported 1 to 6 drinks per week, and 54 (8%) reported ≥7 drinks per week. Men who reported ≥7 drinks per week at 15 to 19 years old also reported more smoking pack-years (P<0.001). Half of the 650 participants (n=325) were diagnosed with prostate cancer; 238 were grade 1 or 2, and 88 were grade 3, 4, or 5.
Results of statistical analyses included the following:
• There was no association between alcohol intake at ages 15 to 19 and odds of prostate cancer diagnosis; P=0.57 and P=0.76, respectively.
• 1 to 6 drinks per week at ages 20 to 29, 1 to 6 drinks per week at ages 30 to 39 and ages 40 to 49, and ≥7 drinks per week at ages 30 to 39 and 40 to 49 were associated with increased odds of prostate cancer diagnosis.
• ≥7 drinks per week was not significantly associated with prostate cancer for ages 30 to 39 and 40 to 49.
• There was no association between alcohol intake and odds of low-grade prostate cancer at ages 15 to 19, and not with any other decade of life.
• ≥7 drinks per week at ages 15 to 19 was significantly associated with increased odds of high-grade prostate cancer, with a significant trend across categories of increasing alcohol intake (P=0.020). Similar trends were seen for ages 20 to 29 (P=0.034), ages 30 to 39 (P=0.19), and ages 40 to 49 (P=0.007).
• Current alcohol consumption was not significantly associated with high-grade prostate cancer diagnosis.
• There was no difference in associations between alcohol consumption and overall prostate cancer diagnosis between white and non-white men.
• The middle tertile for cumulative lifetime alcohol consumption was associated with a moderate increase in overall and low-grade prostate cancer diagnosis but this trend was not significant. Men in the highest tertile of cumulative lifetime alcohol consumption had increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer diagnosis (odds ratio [OR]: 3.20) compared to the lowest tertile, with a significant trend for high-grade prostate cancer diagnosis (P=0.003).
Male military veterans with heavier alcohol consumption earlier in life were more likely to be diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer when compared to men without early-life consumption. Higher cumulative alcohol consumption in tertiles was also associated with increased odds of high-grade prostate cancer. Current level of alcohol consumption did not correlate with either overall or high-grade prostate cancer diagnosis.
...
Practical Implications...
We know that life choices can affect risk for many cancers: sedentarism and colon cancer, smoking and lung cancer, and obesity and breast cancer, to name a few. If the results of the present study should prove true in future analyses, then all integrative practitioners have a responsibility to educate patients about
the risks associated with alcohol consumption in their conversations about
prostate cancer prevention.
..."