I remember when the discussion for screening was based upon the 40% reduction in mortality rate since the introduction of PSA testing. The USPSTF papers that led to the Grade D recommendation cited that 43 detections needed to take place before a single life would be saved. That shifted over time as the primary paper cited, the ERSPC out of Europe, had continued follow up that may indicate the number is more like 1 in 24 detected would be saved. Still a small number.
On Liquid Biopsy:
The goals of this research are to hopefully one day replace invasive surgical biopsies. With hope that both pre-diagnosis use and post-diagnosis use would be usable tool in the future. Biopsy is one of the core problems in PCa as it tends to cause infection in up to 20% of men biopsied and can lead to hospitalization in as many as 3-5% of men biopsied. In very rare cases biopsy can cause death. Thus this kind of research can reduce morbidity should it become available. This may one day make the detection process safer.
More research underway in the genetics is hopefully not only going to detect prostate cancer but better define who needs treatment and who does not. Genes are being used today to try to "translationally" define tumors so that we can target the tumors that need to be treated.
Until we get there, screening is about
education and decision making based largely upon poor research and opinion. For myself, diagnosed when at age 44 with what turned out to be Stage 3B cancer, I do not know if my life was saved or not. I'm still here ten years later and that's a good thing. Technically I was not screened. I had a condition that warranted a PSA test that came back near 20. If I had been screened at 40 there is no clear evidence that my tumor would have been detected or found to be any less advanced. But I remain for some level of screening because I can't shake that 40% decrease in mortality rate in the PSA era.
Post Edited (Tony Crispino) : 7/12/2016 11:14:30 AM (GMT-6)