You are right to be suspicious. It is not a very reliable test, which is why it isn't more widely used. At a cutoff of 5 cells there are many false positives and false negatives. One problem is that some CTCs are virulent and others aren't. For example, a biopsy will throw a lot of prostate cancer cells into systemic circulation, but because those cells are incapable of living outside of the prostate, it is inconsequential.
What some are doing now is investigating whether it can be taken to the next level; that is, genomic analysis of the collected tumor cells to see if they have any dangerous characteristics. Just this week, Epic Sciences in collaboration with Genomic Health announced that they are commercializing the CTC AR-V7 test. They expect it will be available in "early 2017."
Genomic Health and Epic Sciences Announce Strategic Collaboration to Deliver Novel AR-V7 Liquid Biopsy Test to Predict Treatment Response in Metastatic Prostate CancerThis represents a first step into personalized medicine for PC. The hope is that individualized analysis of CTCs will enable oncologists to predict what treatments are necessary and what treatments won't work.
- Allen