It really is astonishing, not too strong a word, just how ghastly, again not too strong a word, standard surgery practices could be in the 19th century.
The article below is entitled "19 Unbelievable and Gruesome Facts about
19th Century Surgery" and the title says it all. Both text and illustrations attest to just how appalling conditions and practices often were back then.
Makes one want to breathe a sigh of relief that the surgery experiences many of us have had took place in modern times.
But it's all a matter of perspective. A century from now, when PCa will be diagnosed with a urine test and cured within a week with a pill, one will read an article entitled "19 Unbelievable and Gruesome Facts about
20th and 21st Century Surgery." ("What? They used to cut people
open to get at cancer? They used to burn them with radiation? Barbaric!"
All a matter of perspective.
(May need to copy and paste link into your browser, as I can't get link to work):
https://historycollection.co/19-unbelievable-and-gruesome-facts-about-19th-century-surgery/